- 5 Canons of rhetoric-invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery
- Contemporary- the present.
- Modern- a specific set of beliefs about composition and composing.
- Rhetoric-the art that helps people compose effective discourse.
- Rhetoricians-Someone who studies or teaches the art of rhetoric.
- Commonplaces- any statement or bit of knowledge that is commonly shared among a given audience or community; also, an elementary exercise.
- Ideology- a coherent set of beliefs that people use to understand events and the behavior of people.
- Representative theory of language- the assumption that a language is transparent, that it lets its meaning shine through.
- Kairos- Advantageous time- opportunity
- Interest- policy, commonplace
- Rhetorical Analysis-Determining the choices composers make in developing a text and consider how those choices help the composers achieve their purposes with their audience in the context at hand.
- Warrant- an idea or value that links evidence to the claim
- Claim- a statement about a condition, policy, or event that a writer believes should come to pass.
- Evidence- states one reason the claim should co to pass.
- Analogies- quasi-logical structures: when you use an analogy you compare two objects, events, or processes.
- Stasis-place where one rhetor takes a stand -when stasis is achieved rhetors agree to disagree
- Conjecture- does it exist?
- Definition- what kind of thing or event is it?
- Quality- Was it right or wrong?
- Policy- What should we do?
- Epideictic-major topics in oral rhetoric that praises or blames.
- Common Topics- means of invention for developing arguments such as definition and division or compare and contrast.
- Forensic- legal process
- Deliberative-debate
- Heuristic- any system of investigation
- Hegemonic-Dominant
- Premise-A statement that is laid down,supposed, or assumed before an argument begins.
- Reasoning-Aristotle's term for deduction.
- Induction-An ancient method of invention
- Generalization-Any statement about a group or class.
- Syllogism-Name for a deductive argument in logic
- Conclusion-modern term for the final part of discourse.
- Enthymemes-a means of proof within which the rhetor places probable premises together in order to establish a conclusion
- Maxim- a familiar saying, a bit of community wisdom
- Character- 3 important senses:
- 1. the pattern of behavior or personality found in an individual
- 2. moral strength
- 3. a good reputation
- Ethical proof-invented and situated
- Ethopoeia- fabricating character
- 3 Criteria for understanding emotional appeal
2. must know who can excite the emotions in people
3. understand the reason s why people get emotional.
- Intensity of emotion is dependent on proximity
- Doves- opposed the Vietnam war
- Hawks- pro-Vietnam war
- Intrensic Proof- must be invented by the rhetor
- Extrinsic Proof- includes empirical evidence such as facts, data, artifacts, and the testimony.
- Data-a type of proof based on the evidence of the senses or empirical proof: statistics
- Testimony-A persons account of events
- Community Authority-Any person who is judged as an authority or is qualified to offer testimony based on a good reputation in the relevant community.
- Proximate Authority-Someone who is in a position to offer testimony because they were close to the event.
- Rhetorical Devices:
- Antithesis-contrary ideas are expressed in phrase
- Simile-two unlike items are compared
- Correctness rule-standard grammar drawn from traditional grammar
- Circumlocution- talking about something in a roundabout way. Restroom-Toilet
- Antistrophe- repetition of similar words in successive clauses.
- Ornament- enhances persuasion and can also aid in clarity
- 1. Figures of Speech- unusual patterning of speech
- 2. Figures of Thought-changing of ideas, feelings and conceptions
- 3. Tropes- substitution of one word or phrase for another
- Paratactic- a style made up of loose sentences used in email, chatting, and informal situations.
- Asyndeton- no connectors
- polysyneton- many connectors.
- Puns- allows rhetor to repeat something in an artful or funny way.
- Antanaclasis- repeats word in two different senses.
- Homoioleuteuton- Same endings to a sentence- The Confession Procession
- Zeugma- the same word is used in different ways
- Anaphora- words repeated at the beginning of successive colons expressing either similar or different ideas.
- Chiasmus- a kind of antithesis where words are reversed
- Antimetabole- thrown over against- contrasting ideas in juxtaposed structure John Dean- When the going gets tough the tough get going.
- Onomatopoeia- Making a new word.
- Antonomasia-a descriptive phrase for someones name
- Metonymy- Name something with a word closely associated with an item
- Objectivity- orthodoxy- clear thinking
- Cultural memory- pledge of allegiance
